Unix Timestamp: 1697932800
Sunday, October 22. 2023, 12:00:00 AM UTC

The International Space Station surpasses the record for the longest continuous human occupation of space, having been continuously inhabited since November 2, 2000 (3641 days).

The Indian Space Research Organisation successfully launches the Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft on a lunar exploration mission.

Global financial crisis: Hungary's currency and stock markets rise on the news that it will receive an international economic bailout package worth $25 billion from the IMF, European Union, and World Bank.

Delta Air Lines merges with Northwest Airlines, forming the world's largest commercial carrier.

The Indian Space Research Organisation successfully launches Chandrayaan-1, the country's first unmanned lunar exploration mission. //www.indianexpress.com/news/Chandrayaan-1-launch-on-Oct-22/363173 ("The Indian Express")

Mahathir bin Mohamad, outgoing prime minister of Malaysia, accuses leading democratic nations of terrorising the world. He seemed to be referring to the US, Israel, and Australia. //news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3204001.stm

India: India launches a peace initiative to normalise relations with Pakistan. Formal talks are conditional on Islamabad ending Kashmiri cross-border terrorism initiatives. //jang.com.pk/thenews/oct2003-daily/23-10-2003/main/main1.htm

25 ndash Chechen rebels take control of the theatre "Nord-Ost" in Moscow and hold the audience hostage.

Mainichi Shinbun exposes Japanese archeologist Shinichi Fujimura as a fraud.

The "Mainichi Shinbun" newspaper exposes Japanese archeologist Shinichi Fujimura as a fraud Japanese archaeologists had based their treatises on his findings.

A fire at La Planta prison in southwest Caracas, Venezuela, kills 30 prisoners.

Chion English jockeyLester Piggott is jailed for three years after being convicted of tax evasion.

On a vote of 58–42, the United States Senate rejects President Ronald Reagan's nomination of Robert Bork to the Supreme Court.

The pilot of a British Aerospace BAE Harrier GR5 registered ZD325 accidentally ejects his aircraft. The jet continues to fly until it runs out of fuel and crashes into the Irish Sea.//www.pprune.org/archive/index.php/t-182748.html

In New York City, WNBC Radio's traffic helicopter crashes into the Hudson River, killing traffic reporter Jane Dornacker. The last words heard on-the-air were Dornacker's screams of terror, Hit the water! Hit the water! Hit the water!

In Bonn, West Germany, people demonstrate for nuclear disarmament.

The founding congress of the Nepal Workers and Peasants Organization faction led by Hareram Sharma and D. P. Singh begins.

The Thomson Corporation says that The Times and all associated supplements will close in March 1981 if no buyer can be found.

Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh, the 5th President of Ireland, resigns after being publicly insulted by the Minister for Defense.

The Reds defeat the Red Sox four games to three in a broadcast that breaks records for a televised sporting event.

Chilean army commander René Schneider is shot in Santiago the government declares a state of emergency. Schneider dies October 25.

In a televised address, U.S. President John F. Kennedy announces to the nation the existence of Soviet missiles in Cuba.

Suez Crisis: Britain, France, and Israel secretly meet in and make plans to invade Egypt.

WWII: The RAF delivers a highly destructive airstrike on the German industrial and population center of Kassel.

Charles Arthur Pretty Boy Floyd is shot and killed by FBI agents near East Liverpool, Ohio.

The government of Aristide Briand falls in France.

The Phi Sigma Alpha Fraternity is founded at the University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Cus.

The Toastmasters Club is founded.

A train wreck occurs at Montparnasse Station in Paris.

Letitia Alice Walkington becomes the first woman to receive a degree from the Royal University of Ireland.

Using a filament of carbonized thread, Thomas Edison tests the first practical electric light bulb (it lasts 13½ hours before burning out).

The Blantyre mining disaster in Scotland kills 207 miners.

The "New York Morning News" becomes the first newspaper to include a box-score of a baseball game.

This second date, predicted by the Millerites for the Second Coming of Jesus, leads to the Great Disappointment. The Seventh-day Adventist Church denomination of the Christian religion believe this date to be the starting point of the Investigative judgment just prior to the Second Coming of Jesus as declared in the 26th of 28 fundamental doctrines of Seventh-day Adventists. //www.adventist.org/beliefs/fundamental/index.html

Sam Houston is inaugurated as first elected President of the Republic of Texas.

Battle of Buxar: The British East India Company defeats the combined armies of Mir Kasim, the Nawab of Bengal, the Nawab of Awadh, and Mughal EmperorShah Alam II.

The College of New Jersey is founded (it becomes Princeton University in 1896).

Scilly naval disaster: four Royal Navy ships run aground in the Isles of Scilly because of faulty navigation. Admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell and at least 1450 sailors all drown.

William III of England opens Parliament of England

The Khalkha submit to the Manchu invaders, bringing most of modern-day Mongolia under the rule of the Qing dynasty.

In New England the two separate colonies of Massachusetts Bay Colony and Plymouth Colony are united into a single entity by an act of the King and Queen of England.

Michel Rolle invents Rolle\'s theorem, an essential theorem of mathematics.

In Ethiopia, the Emperor Fasilides expels the Jesuit missionaries.

A Ming dynasty fleet under Zheng Zhilong beat a Dutch East India Company fleet at the island of Quemoy.

The Jews of Poznań are granted the privilege of forbidding Christians to enter into their city quarter.

A professorship in Arabic studies is founded at Cambridge University.

Mission San Luis de Apalachee is built in the New World by two Spanish friars.

Shogun Tokugawa Iemitsu of Japan outlaws Christianity and begins a policy of extreme isolationism.

Completion of St Columb\\\\\\\\'s Cathedral, Derry, Ireland, the first post-ReformationAnglicancathedral built in the British Isles and the first Protestantcathedral built in Europe.

Ludovico Sforza becomes Duke of Milan, and starts a chain of events that leads to the First Italian War.

The Ming Dynasty government of China begins a decade-long series of issuing harsh edicts towards those who illegally mine silver, the latter known as 'miner bandits' ("kuangzei"), a trend begun in 1438. The government wants to cap the amount of silver circulating into the market as more grain taxes are converted into silver taxes. The government establishes community night watches known as 'watches and tithings' ("baojia") who ensure that illegal mining activities are brought to a halt. However, these are desperate measures, as illegal silver mining continues to thrive as a dangerous but lucrative venture.

Eton College is founded by Henry VI.

Itzcóatl, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan, dies and is succeeded by Moctezuma I "(Moctezuma Ilhuicamina)".

Gilles de Rais confesses and is sentenced to death.

Murad II lays siege to Belgrade. The city is heavily damaged, but the defenders' use of artillery prevents the Turks from capturing the city.

Sir Richard Molyneux is appointed constable of Liverpool Castle.

The term of Regent of Sweden Karl Knutsson Bonde ends.

Hussite Wars: Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor fails at the Battle of Vysehrad and is ejected from Bohemia.

Henry V of England commences construction of "Grace Dieu (ship)".

Ghiyasu\\\\\\\\\'d-Din Naqqah, an envoy of the embassy sent by the Timurid ruler of Persia, Mirza Shahrukh (r. 1404–1447), to the Ming Dynasty of China during the reign of the Yongle Emperor (r. 1402–1424), records his sight and travel over a large floating pontoon bridge at Lanzhou (constructed earlier in 1372) as he crosses the Yellow River on this day. He writes that it was: ...composed of twenty three boats, of great excellence and strength attached together by a long chain of iron as thick as a man's thigh, and this was moored on each side to an iron post as thick as a man's waist extending a distance of ten cubits on the land and planted firmly in the ground, the boats being fastened to this chain by means of big hooks. There were placed big wooden planks over the boats so firmly and evenly that all the animals were made to pass over it without difficulty.

Catherine of Valois marries Henry V of England.

Construction begins on the Temple of Heaven in Beijing, China while the palace complex of the Forbidden City is completed. In this year the Yongle Emperor confers the title Beijing (Northern Capital) for the Ming Dynasty's new capital city, replacing Nanjing.

Ghiyasu'd-Din Naqqah, an envoy of the embassy sent by the Timurid ruler of Persia, Mirza Shahrukh (r. 1404–1447), to the Ming Dynasty of China during the reign of the Yongle Emperor (r. 1402–1424), records his sight and travel over a large floating pontoon bridge at Lanzhou (constructed earlier in 1372) as he crosses the Yellow River on this day. He writes that it was: ...composed of twenty three boats, of great excellence and strength attached together by a long chain of iron as thick as a man's thigh, and this was moored on each side to an iron post as thick as a man's waist extending a distance of ten cubits on the land and planted firmly in the ground, the boats being fastened to this chain by means of big hooks. There were placed big wooden planks over the boats so firmly and evenly that all the animals were made to pass over it without difficulty.

The Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore's dome construction is started after Filippo Brunelleschi wins the commission for his double shell design.

Löwenbräu beer is first brewed.

King Fernando I of Portugal dies and is succeeded by his daughter, Beatrice of Portugal. A period of civil war and anarchy, known as the 1383-1385 Crisis, begins in Portugal due to Beatrice being married to the King John I of Castile and Leon.

The Teutonic Knights recommence war against pagan Lithuania.

Construction of the Bastille is completed in Paris.

Rao Chanda succeeds Rao Biram Dev as Rathore ruler of Marwar (now in western India).

Wat Phrathat Doi Suthep Temple is built in present-day Thailand by King Kuena of Lanna.

Battle of Dimbos between Ottoman Turks and Byzantines

Edward I of England reconquers Scotland (see also: William Wallace, Wars of Scottish Independence).

Pope Benedict XI succeeds Pope Boniface VIII as the 194th pope.

The Khilji Dynasty under Alauddin Khilji conquers Chittorgarh in northern India, after taking the massive Chittorgarh Fort.

The Avoirdupois system of weights and measures is introduced to England and Wales.

The temple of Apollo at Daphne, outside Antioch, is destroyed in a mysterious fire.