Unix Timestamp: 1688428800
Tuesday, July 4. 2023, 12:00:00 AM UTC

CERN announces the discovery of a new particle with properties consistent with the Higgs boson after experiments at the Large Hadron Collider.ref name=cern1207

CERN scientists present recent results from CMS and ATLAS experiments consistent with the existence of a Higgs boson particle. //www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-18693744#sa-ns_mchannel=rssns_source=PublicRSS20-sa (BBC) //press.web.cern.ch/press/PressReleases/Releases2012/PR17.12E.html (CERN press release)

Thai general election:

The Organization of American States suspends Honduras due to the country's recent political crisis after its refusal to reinstate President Zelaya.

Groundbreaking for the Freedom Tower begins at Ground Zero in New York City.

Greece wins UEFA Euro 2004 at Estádio da Luz in Portugal.

NASA's Pathfinder space probe lands on the surface of Mars.

UK Prime MinisterJohn Major wins his battle to remain leader of the Conservative Party.

Steffi Graf wins the 1992 Wimbledon Chionships – Women\'s Singles. On August 5, Andre Agassi wins the 1992 Wimbledon Chionships – Men's Singles.

Steffi Graf wins the 1992 Wimbledon Chionships – Women's Singles. On August 5, Andre Agassi wins the 1992 Wimbledon Chionships – Men's Singles.

President of ColombiaCésar Gaviria lifts a seven-year-long state of siege.

Australian Prime Minister Robert Hawke's government is re-elected for a third term.

A court in Lyon sentences former Gestapo boss Klaus Barbie to life imprisonment for crimes against humanity.

World population is estimated to have reached five billion people, according to the United Nations.//query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE7DB123EF931A25754C0A961948260 And Baby Makes Five Billion: U.N. Hails a Yugoslav Infant ndash New York Times

Ruth Lawrence, 13, achieves a first in mathematics at Oxford University, becoming the youngest British person ever to earn a first-class degree and the youngest known graduate of Oxford University.

Four Iranian diplomats are kidnapped upon Israel's invasion of Lebanon.

Chad and Mali recognize the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).

Cape Verde recognizes the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).

Sydney newspaper publisher Juanita Nielsen disappears, and is presumed to have been murdered.

The catastrophic BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion) in Kingman, Arizona, following a fire that broke out as propane was being transferred from a railroad car to a storage tank, kills 11 firefighters. This explosion has become a classic incident, studied in fire department training programs worldwide.

The Isle of Man Post begins to issue its own postage sts.

MLB: The New York Mets fall 12½ games back in last place of the National League Eastern Division.

The first Rainbow Gathering is held in Colorado.

Michael S. Hart posts the first e-book, a copy of the United States Declaration of Independence, on the University of Illinois at Urbana–Chaign's mainframe computer, the origin of Project Gutenberg..

Michael Mageau and Darlene Ferrin are shot at Blue Rock Springs in California. They are the second (known) victims of the Zodiac Killer. Mageau survives the attack while Ferrin was pronounced dead-on-arrival at Kaiser Foundation Hospital - Richmond.

Yachtsman Alec Rose, 59, receives a hero's welcome as he sails into Portsmouth, England after his 354-day round-the-world trip.

The British Parliament decriminalizes homosexuality.

The Soviet submarine "K-19" reactor leak occurs in the North Atlantic.

Following the admission of the State of Hawaii as the 50th state in August 1959, the new 50-star Flag of the United States is first officially flown over Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

With the admission of Alaska as the 49th U.S. state earlier in the year, the 49-star flag of the United States debuts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Strikes and riots hit coal mining regions in Poland.

US Eighth Air Force inauspiciously flies its first mission in Europe using borrowed British planes and bombs targets in the Netherlands, such as De Kooy airfield attached to Den Helder naval base. Three of six aircraft return//www.taphilo.com/history/8thaf/index.shtml Taphilo.com captain Charles C. Kegelman is first member of 8th Airforce to be awarded DFC for this mission.//fpmedia.club.officelive.com/EersteaanvalVIIIBomberCommand.aspx Nieuws-wo2.tk

Twenty-four ships are sunk by German bombers and submarines after Convoy PQ 17 to the Soviet Union is scattered in the Arctic Ocean to evade the German battleship Tirpitz.

WWII in the European Theater of Operations:

The Holocaust: The Mass murder of Polish scientists and writers is committed by German troops in the captured Polish city of Lwów.

Gandhi is sentenced to prison in India.

The dedication of George Washington's head is held at Mount Rushmore.

Mehmed VI (1918–1922) succeeds Mehmed V (Resad) (1909–1918) as Ottoman Sultan.

The Archduke's funeral takes place at Artstetten (50 miles west of Vienna), Austria-Hungary.

African-American boxer Jack Johnson defeats American boxer James J. Jeffries in a heavyweight boxing match, sparking race riots across the United States.

Dr. Jose Rizal, Filipino writer, philosopher, and political activist is arrested by Spanish authorities in connection with La Liga Filipina.

July 18 ndash British general election: The Unionist government loses its majority.

Homestead Strike: The arrival of a force of 300 Pinkerton detectives from New York and Chicago results in a fight in which about 10 men are killed.

Samoa: Samoa changes its time zone to being 3 hours behind California, such that it crosses the international date line and July 4 occurs twice.

The world's first rodeo is held in Pecos, Texas.

In Alabama, the Tuskegee Institute opens.

Anglo-Zulu War: The Anglo-Zulu War effectively ends at the Battle of Ulundi.

A match race between chion thoroughbred racehorses Ten Broeck and Mollie McCarty draws more than 30,000 fans to Louisville and insprires the folk song, Molly and Tenbrooks.

The United States celebrates its centennial.

The Society of Jesus is pronounced illegal in the German Empire.

The University of Bucharest is founded.

Battle of Ueno: Imperial Japanese troops defeat the Shōgitai (forces remaining loyal to the Shogun).

The first speed limit is introduced in Britain: in the country.

Lewis Carroll publishes "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland".

The U.S. Secret Service is founded.

American Civil War: Battle of Vicksburg ndash Ulysses S. Grant and the Union army capture the Confederate city Vicksburg, Mississippi, after the town surrendered. The siege lasted 47 days.

Charles Dodgson (better known as Lewis Carroll) extemporises the story that becomes "Alice\\\'s Adventures in Wonderland" for the 10-year-old Alice Liddell and her sisters on a rowboat trip on The Isis from Oxford to Godstow.

Frederick Douglass delivers his famous speech The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro in Rochester, New York.

Near Concord, Massachusetts, Henry David Thoreau embarks on a 2-year experiment in simple living at Walden Pond ("see" "Walden").

The Cunard Line's 700-ton wooden paddlewheel steamer

The University of Durham is founded by an act of Parliament and given royal assent by King William IV.

George Shillibeer begins operating the first bus service in London.ref name=Icons

Former US Presidents Thomas Jefferson and John Adams both die on the 50th Anniversary of the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence.

At Rome, New York, construction on the Erie Canal begins.

Battle of Maida: Britain defeats the French in Calabria. The legendary "Irish Rover" sets sail from the Cove of Cork, Ireland for New York City.

The Louisiana Purchase is announced to the American people.

At West Point, New York the United States Military Academy opens.

American Revolutionary War: George Rogers Clarktakes Kaskaskia.

American Revolution: United States Declaration of Independence. United States officially declares independence from the British Empire.

Captain Benjamin Church and his soldiers begin sweeping Plymouth Colony for any remaining Wanoag tribesmen.

William III of Orange is appointed Stadtholder of Holland, and in Zeeland on July 16.

December 12 ndash The Barebones Parliament meets in London.

The city of Trois-Rivières is founded in New France (later the Canadian province of Quebec).

July 19 ndash Turkish Abductions: The Barbary pirates raid Iceland.

Polish–Muscovite War: Battle of Klushino ndash The outnumbered forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth defeat the combined Russian and Swedish army. Polish troops go on to occupy Moscow.

Election of Christian III as King of Denmark and Norway in the town of Rye.

Martin Luther joins the debate regarding papal authority against John Eck at Leipzig.

Martin Luther is ordained a priest of the Catholic Church

The cannons of the Tower of London, still in Lancaster hands, are fired on the city of London, which is mostly in Yorkist hands.

Pope Gregory XII officially opens the Council of Constance and then abdicates.

Qulpa becomes Khan of the Blue Horde after the death of Berdi Beg.

The Second Treaty of London is signed between England and France.

Margarete Maultasch, Countess of Tyrol, and her husband, Louis of Bavaria, are absolved from excommunication.

Ismail II overthrows his uncle, Muhammed V, as King of Grenada (in present-day Spain).

Francesco II Ordelaffi surrenders to the Papal commander Gil de Albornoz.

Murad I (1359–1389) succeeds Orhan I (1326–1359) as sultan of the Ottoman Empire.

Bogdan I becomes Prince of Moldavia (now Moldova) after freeing it from Hungarian control.

Abu Salim Ali II overthrows Muhammad II as Said as ruler of the Merinid Dynasty in present-day Morocco.

Berlin joins the Hanseatic League.

The Zayanids under Abu Hamuw II recapture Algeria.

Shah Mahmud overthrows his brother, Shah Shuja, as leader of the Muzaffarid tribe in Persia.

Battle of Hattin: Saladin defeats Guy of Lusignan, King of Jerusalem.

The SN 1054 supernova is recorded by the Chinese, Arab and possibly Native Americans near the star ζ Tauri. For 23 days it remains bright enough to be seen in daylight. Its remnants form the Crab Nebula (NGC 1952).Journal of Astronomy, part 9, chapter 56 of "Sung History (Sung Shih)" first printing, 1340. facsimile on the frontispiece of Misner, Thorne, Wheeler "Gravitation", 1973.

Saint Ulrich of Augsburg is canonized.

Fa-Hien, Chinese Buddhist monk, returns from India and begins translating Buddhist works into Chinese.

The Southern Liang, a state of the Sixteen Kingdoms during the Jin Dynasty, comes to an end.

Constantius III, Roman general ("magister militum"), begins a military caign against the Visigoths in Gaul. He blockades the Gallic ports and besieges Marseille.

Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria who reigns as regent and proclaimed herself empress ("Augusta") of the Eastern Roman Empire.

Abdas, bishop of Susa, burns down a Zoroastrian temple in retaliation, king Yazdegerd I of Persia orders the destruction of Christian churches.

Priscus Attalus is twice proclaimed rival emperor by the Visigoths at Bordeaux, in order to impose their terms on Honorius who has his residence in Ravenna.