Unix Timestamp: 1673222400
Monday, January 9. 2023, 12:00:00 AM UTC

2010–2011 Tunisian protests: Unrest in Tunisia over youth unemployment continues, with several deaths reported. //english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2011/01/2011191414183128.html (Al Jazeera)

People in Southern Sudan vote in a referendum on independence. //english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2011/01/20111944521287154.html (Al Jazeera) //www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12144675 (BBC) //www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/jan/09/south-sudan-independence-vote ("The Observer") //theglobalherald.com/southern-sudan-to-vote-on-secession-on-9th-january-2011/6035/ ("The Global Herald")

15 ndash Southern Sudan holds a referendum on independence. The Sudanese electorate votes in favour of independence, paving the way for the creation of the new state in July.//www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/sudan/8246615/Sudan-referendum-whats-being-voted-on-and-what-will-happen.html "Sudan referendum: what's being voted on and what will happen?" The Telegraph. 8 January 2011

The Togo national football team later decide to reverse their decision to pull out of the Africa Cup of Nations. //sports.espn.go.com/sports/soccer/news/story?id=4810995 (AP via ESPN) //www.lequipe.fr/Football/breves2010/20100110_011629_les-togolais-veulent-jouer.html ("L'Équipe", in French)

The Togo national football team withdraw from the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations as a third member of the team is confirmed dead following the attack on their team bus. //news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/8449611.stm (BBC) //www.portalangop.co.ao/motix/en_us/noticias/desporto/2010/0/1/Togo-assistant-coach-dies,0a0378fe-fd48-4763-9a9e-343fee8ae101.html (Angola Press) //www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=6click_id=4art_id=nw20100109203329129C575563 (IOL) //www.nytimes.com/2010/01/10/sports/soccer/10soccer.html ("The New York Times")

Piracy in Somalia:

Hindu holy men in India threaten to boycott the Ganges River Festival because of pollution. //abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=2780018CMP=OTC-RSSFeeds0312 (AP via ABC News)

Apple Inc's CEO and founder, Steve Jobs announces the first generation iPhone, the iPhone 2G

Apple Inc. CEO Steve Jobs unveils the iPhone and changes the company name to Apple Inc. at the annual Macworld Expo in San Francisco. //www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087sid=aDENdA6FCxQgrefer=home (Bloomberg) //money.cnn.com/2007/01/09/technology/apple_jobs/index.htm?cnn=yes (CNN) //www.wired.com/news/culture/mac/0,72447-0.html (Wired News) //www.infoworld.com/article/07/01/09/HNiphoneappletv_1.html (InfoWorld)

The United States Department of Justice announces it will pursue a criminal investigation of Enron.

Yachtsman Tony Bullimore is found alive, 5 days after his boat capsized in the Southern Ocean.thumb|Bill Clinton, the President of the United States, began his second term on January 20

January 20 ndash Serious fighting breaks out between Russian soldiers and rebel fighters in Chechnya.

Art forger Eric Hebborn is assassinated in Rome, Italy.

Valeri Polyakov completes 366 days in space while aboard the Mir space station, breaking a duration record.

Singer Paul Simon is the first major artist to tour South Africa after the end of the cultural boycott.

Shanda Sharer is tortured and burned to death in Madison, Indiana by four teenage girls.

Bosnian Serbs declare their own republic within Bosnia and Herzegovina, in protest of the decision by Bosniaks and Bosnian Croats to seek EC recognition.

Ugandan Lt. Gen. Bazilio Olara-Okello, who led a coup against Dr. Apolo Milton Obote's government, dies in Ormduruman Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan.

After losing a patent battle with Polaroid, Kodak leaves the instant camera business.

In Saudi Arabia, 63 Muslim fanatics are beheaded for their part in the siege of the Great Mosque in Mecca in November, 1979.

The "Music for UNICEF Concert" is held at the United Nations General Assembly to raise money for UNICEF and promote the Year of the Child. It is broadcast the following day in the United States and around the world. Hosted by The Bee Gees, other performers include Donna Summer, ABBA, Rod Stewart and Earth, Wind Fire. A soundtrack album is later released.

The RMS "Queen Elizabeth" is destroyed by fire in Hong Kong harbor.

Uruguayan president Jorge Pacheco Areco demands emergency powers for 90 days due to kidnappings, and receives them the next day.

The Mirzapur Cadet College formally opens for academic activities in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).

"Martyrs' Day": Armed clashes between United States troops and Panamanian civilians in the Panama Canal Zone precipitate a major international crisis, resulting in the deaths of 21 Panamanians and 4 U.S. soldiers.

Cuba and the Soviet Union sign a trade pact.

British authorities announce that they have discovered a large Soviet spy ring in London.

Patrice Lumumba of Republic of Congo is assassinated.

President Dwight Eisenhower gives his final State of the Union Address to Congress. In a Farewell Address the same day, he warns of the increasing power of a military-industrial complex.

January 11 – Aswan High Dam construction begins in Egypt.

British Prime Minister Anthony Eden resigns.

The Government of the United Kingdom announces abandonment of the Tanganyika groundnut scheme for the cultivation of peanuts in the Tanganyika Territory with the writing off of £36.5M debt.

The Israeli government recognizes the People's Republic of China.

WWII British submarine is sunk.

A military rebellion is crushed in Lisbon, Portugal.

Lithuania begins the Klaipėda Revolt to annex the Klaipėda Region (Memel Territory).

Thousands of onlookers watch as The Human Fly George Polley climbs the New YorkWoolworth Building. He reaches the 30th floor before being arrested.

Friedrich Ebert orders the Freikorps into action in Berlin.

The Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, Inc. is founded at Howard University in Washington, D.C.

The U.S. Senate accepts the British-German treaty of 1899, in which the United Kingdom renounced its claims to the American Samoa portion of the Samoan Islands.

The first through passenger train goes from Cairo to Khartoum.

The opera "Tosca" premieres in Rome, Italy.

New England Telephone and Telegraph installs the first battery-operated telephone switchboard in Lexington, Massachusetts.

Humbert I becomes King of Italy.

Penal transportation from Britain to Australia ends with arrival of the convict ship "Hougoumont" in Western Australia after an 89-day voyage from England. There are 62 Fenians among the transportees.

American Civil War: Mississippi becomes the second state to secede from the Union.

Fort Tejon earthquake: An earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 7.9 strikes near Parkfield, California.

The Teutonia Männerchor in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania was founded.//www.pghmannerchor.com/history/TheTeutonia Männerchor was founded in 1854.

The French Academy of Sciences announces the Daguerreotype photography process.

Lord Nelson is given a state funeral at St Paul's Cathedral, attended by the Prince of Wales.Hibbert, Christopher "Nelson: A Personal History" (1994) p. 382

Lord Nelson is given a state funeral at St Paul's Cathedral, attended by the Prince of Wales.Hibbert, Christopher "Nelson: A Personal History" (1994) p. 382

British Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger introduces an income tax of two shillings to the pound to raise funds for Great Britain's war effort in the Napoleonic Wars.

Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first to fly in a gas balloon in the United States.

The Treaty of Jassy ends Russia's war with the Ottoman Empire over Crimea.

U.S. PresidentGeorge Washington gives the first State of the Union Address.

Connecticut ratifies the United States Constitution and becomes the fifth U.S. state.

British troops surrender to the Marathas in Wadgaon, India, and are forced to return all territories acquired since 1773.

Emperor Go-Momozono accedes to the throne of Japan, following his aunt's abdication.

March ndash War of the Regulation: North Carolina Governor William Tryon raises a militia to put down the long running uprising of backcountry militias against North Carolina's colonial government.

Philip Astley stages the first modern circus, with acrobats on galloping horses, in London.

William Tryon, governor of the Royal Colony of North Carolina, signs a contract with architect John Hawks to build Tryon Palace, a lavish Georgian style governor's mansion on the New Bern waterfront.

Afghans defeat Marathas in battle of Barari Gha

Robert Walpole made Earl of Orford and resigns as First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer, effectively ending his period as Prime Minister of Great Britain.ref name=Cassell's Chronology On his formally relinquishing office five days later, he will have served 20 years and 314 days as Prime Minister, the longest single term ever, and also longer than the accumulated terms of any other British Prime Minister.

Peter Minuit sails from Texel Island for America's New Netherland colony, with 2 ships of Dutch emigrants.

The second Union of Brussels is formed, first without the Protestant counties of Holland and Zeeland (which is accepted by king Philip II of Spain), later with the Protestants, which means open rebellion of the whole of the Netherlands.

Ivan the Terrible starts the Massacre of Novgorod.

Geneva becomes independent from the Canton of Bern.

Pope Adrian VI (born Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens, Dedens or Dedel"Collier's Encyclopedia" Hadrianus in Latin) succeeds Pope Leo X as the 218th pope. The only Dutch pope, he will be the last non-Italian elected for more than 450 years.

Pope Adrian VI (born Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens, Dedens or Dedel"Collier\\\\'s Encyclopedia" Hadrianus in Latin) succeeds Pope Leo X as the 218th pope. The only Dutch pope, he will be the last non-Italian elected for more than 450 years.

Pretrial investigations for Joan of Arc begin in Rouen, France under English occupation.

Giovanni II Valente becomes Doge of Genoa.

The Jewish population of Basel, Switzerland is rounded up and incinerated, believed by the residents to be the cause of the ongoing Black Death.

The first coalition of the Norman princes against Roger II of Sicily is formed. The same year, Roger regains control over Malta after a rebellion.

Conrad III establishes the Hohenstaufen dynasty when he is crowned antiking to the Holy Roman Emperor, Lothair II.

First mention of the consuls in Brescia, indicating that the city has become an independent commune.

The minaret of Kalyan is completed in Bukhara (present day Uzbekistan).

Jurchen forces sack the SongChinese capital of Kaifeng (the Jingkang Incident, 靖康事變), and begin more than a century of political division between northern and southern China.

The commune of Milan conquers the neighboring city of Como.

Count Charles the Good of Flanders is assassinated.

Emperor Zeno abdicates under pressure as his wife's uncle Basiliscus stages a coup d\'état at Constantinople with support from Zeno's trusted adviser and fellow Isaurian Illus.

Emperor Zeno abdicates under pressure as his wife's uncle Basiliscus stages a coup d'état at Constantinople with support from Zeno's trusted adviser and fellow Isaurian Illus.

Caelius Aurelianus, Roman physician, is practising his work "De morbis acutis et chronicis" ("Concerning Acute and Chronic Illness"), a guide to acute and chronic diseases.

Richu, the eldest son of Nintoku, becomes the 17th emperor of Japan.

The mausoleum of Galerius in Salonica (Greece) is converted into a church.

The Vandals start their westward trek from Dacia and Hungary.

Bishops from Gaza (Palestine) arrive at Constantinople to ask Arcadius that he close the pagan temple at Marneum.

Winter ndash Gainas lead the remaining Goths back to their homeland across the Danube. They meet the Huns and are defeated, the Hunnic chieftain Uldin send the head of Gainas to Constantinople where Arcadius received it as a diplomatic gift.

A riot breaks out in Constantinople, the Great Palace is burned to the ground. Gainas, an ambitious Gothic leader, attempts to evacuate his soldiers out of the city but 7,000 armed Goths are trapped and killed by order of Arcadius. After the massacre, Gainas tries to escape across the Hellespont, but his rag-tag "ad hoc" fleet is destroyed by Fravitta, a Gothic chieftain in imperial service.

Chrysanthemums are introduced to Japan (approximate date).

Construction at Great Zimbabwe begins (approximate date).

Resurrection and Two Marys with Angel near the Empty Tomb, panel of a diptych, found in Rome, is made. It is now kept at Castello Sforzesco, Milan (approximate date).

The Franks establish themselves in the North of the Netherlands.

Emperor Arcadius gives his wife Aelia Eudoxia officially the title of "Augusta". She is able to wear the purple paludamentum and is depicted in Roman currency.

The Vergilius Vaticanus, an illuminated manuscript, containing fragments of Virgil's "Aeneid" and "Georgics" is made in Rome.

Anthemius, praetorian prefect of the East, is sent on an embassy to the Persian capital, Ctesiphon, to congratulate king Yazdegerd I on his accession the year before.The End of Empire (p. 76). Christopher Kelly, 2009. ISBN 978-0-393-33849-2

The Paeonians (Illyricum) lose their identity (approximate date).

Hypatia, Greek philosoper, distinguishes herself as one of the first women scientists, and becoming head of the Neo-Platonist school at Alexandria.