The U.S. Supreme Court issues opinions in "Grutter v. Bollinger" and "Gratz and Hamacher v. Bollinger", challenges to the affirmative action admissions policies at the University of Michigan. In "Grutter", the Court held that the University of Michigan Law School's admissions policy, which considered race as one of a number of soft admissions factors on a case-by-case basis, was constitutional. In "Gratz", the Court held that the undergraduate affirmative action admissions policy, which was based on a point system and was more rigid than the Law School's, was unconstitutional.
//www.cnn.com/2003/LAW/06/23/scotus.affirmative.action/