Unix Timestamp: 1030233600
Sunday, August 25. 2002, 12:00:00 AM UTC

British Prime Minister Gordon Brown repeats that the British Government played no role in the release from prison of Lockerbie bomber Abdelbaset al-Megrahi, it being a matter for the Scottish Government. //www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/6088166/Lockerbie-bomber-Gordon-Brown-denies-he-had-role-in-Megrahis-release.html (Daily Telegraph)

Canadian authorities report 12 people have died in the listeriosis outbreak traced to a Maple Leaf Foods plant in Toronto. (//www.canada.com/montrealgazette/story.html?id=485cb131-fe87-4e49-9f36-8b629f8d22a0 "Montreal Gazette")

Horse racing meetings throughout Australia are cancelled due to an outbreak of equine influenza in Centennial Park stables next to Sydney's Randwick Racecourse. Peter McGauran, the Federal Minister for Agriculture, issues a 72 hour ban on horse movement throughout Australia. //www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/08/25/2015018.htm (ABC News Australia) //www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/08/25/2015088.htm (ABC News)

Two explosions, apparently caused by car bombs placed in taxis, kills at least 44 and injures a further 150 in Mumbai, India. It is the sixth bombing in Mumbai in a year. //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3178893.stm

Voyager 2 passes the planet Neptune and its moon Triton.

A fire destroys part of Chiado quarter, in Lisbon's historical center.

Samantha Smith, Goodwill Ambassador between the Soviet Union and the United States for writing a letter to Yuri Andropov about nuclear war, and eventually visiting the Soviet Union at Andropov's request, dies in the Bar Harbor Airlines Flight 1808 plane crash. She was 13.

Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, husband of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands, resigns from various posts over a scandal involving alleged corruption, in connection with business dealings with the Lockheed Corporation.

The first known outbreak of Ebola virus occurs in Yambuku, Zaire.

Jacques Chirac resigns as Prime Minister of France he is succeeded by Raymond Barre.

American Nazi Party leader George Lincoln Rockwell is assassinated in Arlington, Virginia.

The last Soviet Army occupation forces leave Austria.

The general strike ends in France.

The House Un-American Activities Committee holds its first-ever televised congressional hearing, featuring Confrontation Day between Whittaker Chambers and Alger Hiss.

Ben Hogan wins the PGA Chionship.

Maillé massacre: Massacre of 129 civilians (70% women and children) by the Gestapo at Maillé, Indre-et-Loire.

Hungary decides to continue the war together with Germany.

German surrender of Paris: General Dietrich von Choltitz surrenders Paris to the Allies in defiance of Hitler’s orders to destroy it.

WWII: Operation Countenance begins with United Kingdom and Soviet forces invading Iran.

Division of Grazing renamed U.S. Grazing Service.

MGM's classic musical film "The Wizard of Oz", based on L. Frank Baum's famous novel, and starring Judy Garland as Dorothy, is released in theaters everywhere.

An Irish Republican Army bomb explodes in the centre of Coventry, England, killing 5 people.

The Kriegsmarine orders all German-flagged merchant ships to head to German ports immediately in anticipation of the invasion of Poland.

The German Foreign Ministry cuts off all telegraph and telephone communication with the outside world in accordance with the plan for "Fall Weiss". At approximately 1830 Central European time, Adolf Hitler postpones "Fall Weiss" for 5 days, after receiving a message from Benito Mussolini that he will not honor the Pact of Steel if Germany attacks Poland, and because Chamberlain's government has not fallen as a result of the German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact. Some units already in their forward positions (the attack is scheduled for 0430 the next day) do not get the word in time and attack various targets along the border. That same day, Neville Chamberlain gives Edward Rydz-Śmigły his ironclad guarantee of assistance if Poland is attacked by Germany.

MGM's classic musical film "The Wizard of Oz", based on L. Frank Baum's famous novel, and starring Judy Garland as Dorothy, is released in theaters everywhere.

Anti-union vigilantes seize the town of McGuffey, Ohio, during the Hardin County onion pickers strike.

Theodor Lessing is assassinated in Marienbad (Mariánské Lázně), Czechoslovakia.

The Diexi earthquake shakes Mao County, Sichuan, China and kills 9,000 people.

Air France begins operations with 250 planes.

Ahmet Zogu proclaims himself "King Zog I" of Albania he is crowned September 1.

Pavlos Kountouriotis announces that dictatorship is finished in Greece and becomes the president.

The French evacuate the Ruhr region of Germany.

U.S. President Woodrow Wilson signs legislation creating the National Park Service.

The Kuomintang, the Chinese nationalist party, is founded.

'Ancient Order of Druids' initiate neo-druidic rituals at Stonehenge in England.

August ndash Pablo Valencia gets lost in the Sonoran Desert with no water.

Judiciary Act passed.

700 Greeks and 15 Englishmen are slaughtered by the Turks in Heraklion, Greece, leading to the establishment of the autonomous Cretan State.

Captain Matthew Webb becomes the first person to swim the English Channel.

The Shergotty meteorite Mars meteorite falls in Sherghati, Gaya, Bihar, India.

In the U.S., the "New York Sun" prints the first of six installments of the Great Moon Hoax.

The Belgian Revolution begins.

British forces capture Trincomalee in Ceylon.ref name=CBH

Seven Years' War ndash Battle of Zorndorf: Frederick defeats the Russian army of Count Wilhelm Fermor near the Oder.

Death of Christian V, King of Denmark and Norway since 1670. He is succeeded by Frederick IV (to 1730).

Treaty of Preobrasjensku: Denmark/Russia/Saksen/Poland divide Sweden.

Citizens of Rotterdam strike over the high price of butter.

Peter the Great arrives back to Moscow: General Patrick Gordon has already crushed the streltsy rebellion, with 341 rebels sentenced to be decapitated (tradition holds that tsar Peter decapitated some of them himself).

September ndash The first organised street lighting was introduced in London with oil ls to be lit outside every tenth house on moonless winter nights.

The Bloody Assizes begin in Winchester over 1000 of Monmouth's rebels tried and condemned to death or transportation.

The Great Colonial Hurricane strikes Narragansett Bay as a possible Category 3hurricane, killing over 46 people.

Galileo Galilei demonstrates his first telescope to Venetian lawmakers.

Battle of Alcântara: Spanish armies, led by Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, defending the claim of King Philip II of Spain to the Portuguese throne, defeat the armies of Portuguese claimant António, Prior of Crato.

The island of Paros is conquered by the Ottoman Empire

Valle Crucis Abbey.

Bridlington Priory,

The Honourable Artillery Company, the oldest surviving regiment in the British Army, and the second most senior, is formed.

Bisham Priory,

Bisham Abbey is founded by Henry VIII in place of Bisham Priory.

Manco II establishes neo-Inca independent state at Vilaca, Peru.

The Spaniards bring the potato to Europe.

Religious buildings are dissolved by Henry VIII, including

Bangalore is first mentioned.

Castle Acre Priory, and

King Louis IX of France dies while besieging the city of Tunis, possibly due to poor quality drinking water.

Georgian Orthodox Church returns to Chalcedonism

The observance of Halloween in the Roman Catholic Church is first recorded.

Pope Boniface IV succeeds Pope Boniface III as the 67th pope.

Metal horseshoes come into more common use in the Near East and in Europe, increasing the efficiency of horsepower in agriculture and transportation.

Dome of Baptistry of Neon, Ravenna (Italy), is started to be remodeled (approximate date).

King Yazdegerd II summons the leading Armenian nobles to the Persian capital Ctesiphon, pressuring them to cut their ties with the Western Church.Ronald Grigor Suny, "The Making of the Georgian Nation", (Indiana University Press, 1994), 23.

Nalanda University (India) is founded (approximate date).

Angles, Saxons and Jutes invade Britain, marking the beginning of the Old English period (approximate date).

Marcian orders the execution (or assassination) of the unpopular court eunuch Chrysaphius. He discontinues the tribute payments to Attila.

Pulcheria is forced to marry and co-rule the Eastern Roman Empire. She gives the imperial diadem to the Illyrian (or Thracian) officer and senator Marcian, age 58, and is crowned as empress in the Hippodrome at Constantinople in a first religious coronation ceremony.

Hawaii Loa, Polynesian chief, discovers what will be called the Hawaiian Islands, he sails across 2,400 miles of open water from the island of Raiatea, near Tahiti. He settles on Hawaii, named in his honor (approximate date).

All the Temples of Aphrodisias (City of Goddess Aphrodite) are demolished and its libraries burned down. The city is renamed Stauroupolis (City of the Cross).

Emperor Gratian, age 24, is assassinated at Lugdunum (modern Lyon), leaving a young widow Laeta. Pannonia and Africa maintain their allegiance to co-emperor Valentinian II, now 12, whose mother, Justina, rules in his name.

First Council of Constantinople (some authorities date this council to 381): Theodosius I calls a general council to affirm and extend the Nicene creed, and denounce Arianism and Apollinarism. Most trinitarian Christian churches consider this an Ecumenical council.

Emperor Theodosius I cedes Dacia and Macedonia to Valentinian II. They recognize Magnus Maximus as "Augustus".

Theodosius I sends Flavius Stilicho as an envoy to the Persian court of king Shapur III at Ctesiphon to negotiate a peace settlement relating to the partition of Armenia.

Eunomius of Cyzicus is banished to Moesia.

King Ardashir II dies after a 4-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Shapur III.ref name=isbn0-415-32678-8

Battle of Feishuiref name=isbn076560504x: The Jin Dynasty defeats the Former Qin dynasty in Anhui.

The reign of Fú Jiān, the emperor of Former Qin, commences in China.

Saran, King of Ulster, is overthrown.

Battle of Strasbourg: Julian, "Caesar" (deputy emperor) and supreme commander of the Roman army in Gaul, wins an important victory against the Alemanni at Strasbourg (Argentoratum). He drives the barbarians back behind the Rhine.

Pope Liberius travels to Sirmium (Pannonia) late in the year and agrees to sign documents that effectively undo the Nicene Creed (which has implicitly disavowed Arianism) and to sever his relationship with the former Alexandrian patriarch Athanasius, who is replaced as bishop of Alexandria by his Arian opponent George of Cappadocia.

The Imperial Library of Constantinople is founded.

The Alans rout the Hun army in Western Asia.

Winter ndash Constantius II receives ambassadors from the Persian Empire. They demand that Rome restores the lands surrendered by king Narseh.

Julian builds in Gaul a fleet to secure the corn supply from Britain for the garrisons ("castella") of the Rhine.

Ammianus Marcellinus describes the Pantheon as being rounded like the boundary of the horizon and vaulted with a beautiful loftiness.