Unix Timestamp: 1701820800
Wednesday, December 6. 2023, 12:00:00 AM UTC

There are violent riots and protests in Athens between police and protesters as the city commemorates the first anniversary of the fatal shooting of 15-year-old Alexandros Grigoropoulos by a police officer. //news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8396693.stm (BBC) //news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Greece-Riots-Police-In-Athens-Clash-With-Protesters-Over-Teenager-Shot-Dead-By-Officers-In-2008/Article/200912115493465 (Sky News) //www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/dec/06/greece-riots-anniversary-teenager-death ("The Guardian")

Riots spread across Greece after a 15-year-old boy is shot dead by a special guard of the Greek Police.

Dekha Ibrahim Abdi for her mediation work in a conflict-riven region of north Kenya. //africa.reuters.com/top/news/usnBAN942432.html (Reuters)

An Iranian C-130 Hercules airplane crashes into a ten-story building in a civilian area of Tehran, the capital of Iran, killing all 94 people aboard and 34 residents of the building (128 total).

Terrorists attack the U.S. Consulate in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, killing several people.

The Chechen separatist Akhmed Zakayev has returned to London, where he is expected to seek asylum. He was arrested but released soon afterwards on bail paid by Vanessa Redgrave.

Hugo Chávez, politician and former member of the Venezuelan military, is elected President of Venezuela.

Extremist Hindu activists demolish Babri Masjid – a 16th century mosque in Ayodhya, India, which had been used as a temple since 1949, leading to widespread communal violence, including the Mumbai Riots, in all killing over 1500 people.

The world premiere for "Star Trek: The Motion Picture" is held at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.

Two million demonstrate against the Shah in Iran.

Lufthansa heist: Six men rob a Lufthansa cargo facility in New York City's John F. Kennedy International Airport.

The Spanish Constitution officially restores the country's democratic government.

The United States House of Representatives votes 387–35 to confirm Gerald Ford as Vice President of the United States he is sworn in the same day.

The Altamont Free Concert is held at the Altamont Speedway in northern California. Hosted by the Rolling Stones, it is an attempt at a Woodstock West and is best known for the uproar of violence that occurred. It is viewed by many as the end of the sixties.

Binh Hoa massacre: Vietnam War.

Barbados is admitted to the United Nations.

Syria offers weapons to rebels in Jordan.

The 1-hour stop-motion animated special "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer", based on the popular Christmas song, premieres on NBC. It becomes a beloved Christmas tradition, still being shown on television more than 40 years later.

The 3rd launch of a Thor-Able rocket, carrying Pioneer 2, is unsuccessful due to a 3rd stage ignition failure.

First U.S. attempt to launch a satellite fails, the rocket blowing up on the launch pad.

With the NBC Symphony Orchestra, conductor Arturo Toscanini performs what he claims is his favorite Beethoven symphony, "Eroica", for the last time. The live performance is broadcast nationwide on radio, and later released on records and CD.

A state of emergency is declared in Egypt due to increasing riots.

Arturo Toscanini conducts a concert performance of the first half of Giuseppe Verdi's opera "Otello", which was based on William Shakespeare's play "Othello", for a broadcast on NBC Radio. The second half of the opera is broadcast a week later.//www.musicweb-international.com/classrev/2004/Apr04/Verdi_otello_toscanini.htm

The United Kingdom declares war on Finland.

WWII: HMS Perseus (N36)is sunk by a mine.

Soviet counterattacks begin against German troops encircling Moscow. The Wehrmacht is subsequently pushed back over 200 miles.

British submarine is sunk near Taranto.

German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop visits Paris, where he is allegedly informed by French Foreign Minister Georges Bonnet that France now recognizes all of Eastern Europe as being in Germany's exclusive sphere of influence. Bonnet's alleged statement (Bonnet always denied making the remark) to Ribbentrop is a major factor in German policy in 1939.

Kingdom of Yugoslavia parliamentary election: The opposition gains votes but not seats.

Following elections in the Lithuanian city of Memel the Lithuanian Nazi party wins over 90% of the votes.

The Irish Free State officially comes into existence. George V becomes the Free State's monarch. Tim Healy is appointed first Governor-General of the Irish Free State and W. T. Cosgrave becomes President of the Executive Council.

The Irish Free State officially comes into existence. George V becomes the Free State\\\'s monarch. Tim Healy is appointed first Governor-General of the Irish Free State and W. T. Cosgrave becomes President of the Executive Council.

Monongah Mining Disaster: A coal mine explosion kills 362 workers in Monongah, West Virginia, United States.

Theodore Roosevelt announced his Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States would intervene in the Western Hemisphere should Latin American governments prove incapable or unstable.

The Washington Monument is completed.

The British Chartered Institute of Patent Agents is founded (now called Chartered Institute of Patent Attorneys).

Albion Rovers F.C. (through the amalgamation of two Coatbridge clubs, Albion and Rovers)

Zulu king Cetshwayo returns to South Africa.

Carolyn Merrick is elected president of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union.

Pogroms in Southern Russia end.

December ndash Zichron Yaakov is founded in northern Israel.

Tottenham Hotspur F.C. (as Hotspur F.C.)

Édouard Manet exhibits his painting "A Bar at the Folies-Bergère" at the Paris Salon.

The Personal Liberty League is established to oppose the temperance movement in the United States.

St Andrew\\'s Ambulance Association in Glasgow, Scotland, and St. John Ambulance in Canada are founded.

A peace treaty is signed between Paraguay and Uruguay.

St Andrew's Ambulance Association in Glasgow, Scotland, and St. John Ambulance in Canada are founded.

Nikola Tesla conceives the rotating magnetic field principle and uses it to invent the alternating current generator/motor.

Redruth Mining School opens in Cornwall.

First International Polar Year, an international scientific program, begins.

Ferdinand von Lindemann publishes his proof of the transcendentality of pi.

The last transit of the planet Venus until 2004 occurs.

The first cremation in the United States takes place in a crematory built by Francis Julius LeMoyne.

The Springwell Pit Disaster (a coal-mining incident) in Dawley, UK claims eight lives.

Paraguayan War ndash Battle of Itororó or Ytororó: Field-Marshal Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias leads 13,000 Brazilian troops against a Paraguayan fortified position of 5,000 troops.

Taiping Rebellion: French minister de Bourboulon arrives at the Heavenly Capital aboard the "Cassini".

The trial of Hélène Jégado begins she is eventually sentenced to death and executed by guillotine.

Alpha Sigma Phi Fraternity is founded.

The South Orkney Islands are discovered by George Powell and Nathaniel Palmer.

Russo-Turkish War, 1787-1792: The Ottoman fortress of Özi falls to the Russians after a prolonged siege and a murderous storm with a temperature of -23 degrees C.

Fire destroys 250 houses in Stockholm.

Carrington Bowles publishes "A Journey Through Europe", a board game designed by John Jeffreys, the earliest board game whose designer's name is known.

The town of Egedesminde (modern Aasiaat) is founded in Greenland.

Voltaire's "Candide" is published.

The Germantown Union School (now called Germantown Academy), America's oldest nonsectarian day school, is founded.

Churton Town, the Orange County, North Carolina county seat laid out in 1754, is renamed Childsburgh in honor of North Carolina attorney general Thomas Child. It is later renamed Hillsborough in 1766.

Adam Smith publishes his "Theory of Moral Sentiments", embodying some of his Glasgow lectures.

Kew Gardens established in England by Augusta of Saxe-Coburg, the mother of George III.

The Guinness Brewery is founded by Arthur Guinness in St. James\'s Gate, Dublin, Ireland.

Madame du Coudray publishes "Abrégé de l'art des accouchements" (The Art of Obstetrics) and the French government authorizes her to carry her instruction throughout the realm and promises financial support.

The Guinness Brewery is founded by Arthur Guinness in St. James's Gate, Dublin, Ireland.

EnglishclockmakerJohn Harrison produces his No. 1 sea watch (H4), the first successful marine chronometer.

Elizabeth of Russia becomes czarina after a palace coup.

After the death of Charles XII on November 30, Ulrika Eleonora becomes Queen of Sweden.

The Perse School in Cambridge, England, is founded by Dr Stephen Perse.

Johannes Kepler publishes "Dissertatio cum Nuncio Sidereo" in response to Galileo's discovery of Jupiter's moons.

Mary Talbot, Countess of Shrewsbury, is released from the Tower of London in recognition of her role in helping to discover the murder of Sir Thomas Overbury.

In England, John Winthrop, later governor of the future Massachusetts Bay Colony, marries his second wife (of four), Thomasine Clopton, daughter of William Clopton of Castleins, near Groton, Suffolk.

The Somers Isles Company is founded to administer Bermuda.

Persian hordes led by Shah-Abbas kill all the monks at the David Gareja monastery complex in Georgia, and set fire to its collection of manuscripts and works of art.

Wilson's School in Wallington, England, is founded by Royal Charter.

King James I of Great Britain sends Sir Thomas Roe as his ambassador to the Mughal court of Jahangir.

Konoike Shinroku opens an office in Osaka and begins shipping tax-rice from western Japan to Osaka.

The second volume of Miguel Cervantes' "Don Quixote (El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha)" is published, and is as successful as the first. "Don Quixote" eventually becomes the only truly famous work its author ever wrote.

The Grolsch Brewery is founded in Groenlo, Netherlands.

Manuel Dias (Yang MaNuo), a Portuguese jesuit missionary introduces for the first time in China the telescope in his book "Tian Wen Lüe" ("Explicatio Sphaerae Coelestis").

John Browne is created as the first "King's Gunfounder"

Austrian merchants receive economic privileges in Turkey.

Bairam Khan loses power in the Mughal Empire.

The first scientific society, the Academia Secretorum Naturae, is founded in Naples by Giambattista della Porta.

Solihull School is founded in the West Midlands of England.

Mongols invade and occupy Qinghai.

The great age of piracy in the Caribbean starts around this time.

The oldest surviving violin (dated inside), known as the "Charles IX", is made in Cremona, in northern Italy.

Charles IX (of France) succeeds his elder brother, Francis II, at the age of ten.

The first tulip bulb is brought from Turkey to the Netherlands "(probable date)".

Publication of the complete Geneva Bible.

Act for the Submission of the Clergy confirmed by the Parliament of England, requiring churchmen to submit to the king and forbidding the publication of ecclesiastical laws without royal permission.

Martin Luther's translation of the complete Christian Bible into German appears. He had published the New Testament in 1522.

"Gargantua" is published by François Rabelais.

Over 200 Spanish settlers led by conquistador Sebastián de Belalcázar found what is now Quito, Ecuador.

First book printed in Yiddish (in Kraków), "Mirkevet ha-Mishneh", a Tanakh concordance by rabbi Asher Anchel, translating difficult phrases in biblical Hebrew.

Cambridge University Press is given a Royal Charter by Henry VIII of England and becomes the first of the privileged presses.

King Charles VIII of France marries Anne of Brittany, forcing her to break her marriage with Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, thus incorporating Brittany into the kingdom of France.

Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Azteccivilization, is founded.

Five-year-old Erik Magnusson, the eldest son of king Magnus IV of Sweden, is appointed heir to the Swedish throne, even though Sweden, at this time, is an elective monarchy.

Famine in China.

Vesse, the rebel King of Saaremaa Island in Estonia, is hanged.

Bablake School was founded in Coventry, England by Queen Isabella.

King Peter IV of Aragon defeats and deposes his cousin, James III of Majorca, thereby absorbing the BalearicKingdom of Majorca into the Crown of Aragon.

The Compagnia dei Bardi in Florence goes bankrupt, along with the Peruzzi Bank and the Acciaiuoli Bank.

King Edward III of England introduces three new gold coins, the florin, leopard, and helm. Unfortunately the amount of gold in the coins does not match their value of 6 shillings, 3 shillings, and 1 shilling and sixpence, so they have to be withdrawn and mostly melted down by August of this year.

The "Congregatio Regni tocius Sclavonie Generalis" with its decisions "(statuta et constitutiones)", is the oldest surviving document written by the Croatian parliament.

The Constantinople suburb of Beyoğlu (then known as Pera) is given to the Republic of Genoa by the Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaeologus, in return for Genoa's support of the Empire after the Fourth Crusade and the sacking of Constantinople.

The Holy Redeemer khachkar, believed to be one of the finest exles of the art form, is carved in Haghpat, Armenia, by Vahram.

King Otakar II of Bohemia captures Bratislava from Hungary.

December ndash Followers of the recently deceased Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi establish the Sufi order of the Whirling Dervishes in the city of Konya (in present-day Turkey).

Thomas Aquinas quits his writing of "Summa Theologica" mdash a master work of Catholic theology mdash leaving it unfinished after having a mystical experience during Mass.

Upon the death of Emund the Old, he is succeeded by his son-in-law Stenkil as King of Sweden.

Béla I the Chion is crowned king of Hungary.

The compilation of the "New Book of Tang" is completed under a team of scholars led by Ouyang Xiu.

Philip I of France begins his reign.

SpanishJewBenjamin of Tudela reports that Constantinople has merchant communities from Babylon, Canaan, Egypt, Hungary, Persia, Russia, Sennar, and Spain as well as 2,000 Jews (approximate date).

Chinesepoet, calligrapher, and officialCai Xiang publishes his "Cha Lu" (Record of Tea).

Pope Leo VIII begins papacy as the 131st pope, a reign which initially runs concurrently with Pope John XII.