Unix Timestamp: 1699401600
Wednesday, November 8. 2023, 12:00:00 AM UTC

An accident aboard Russian submarineK-152 Nerpa kills 20.

Mercury transits the sun. It is visible from the Americas, Eastern China, Japan, Australia, and Polynesia.

Windows Vista Release to Manufacturing is released

The Irish High Court rules that Katherine Zappone and Ann Louise Gilligan can sue the Revenue Commissioner to have their Vancouver, British ColumbiaSame-sex marriage recognized for tax purposes.

In Pakistan, "United Press International" reports a letter sent to members of the opposition in Pakistan on a military letterhead causes panic in President Pervez Musharraf's government because it says he has been imposed on this nation. The letter reportedly states that "We want to assure the nation that this army belongs to you and to Pakistan ... Pervez Musharraf and his clique has been imposed on this nation". //www.upi.com/view.cfm?StoryID=20031107-125247-8004r

Iraq disarmament crisis: The United Nations Security Council unanimously approves UN Security Council Resolution 1441, forcing Saddam Hussein to disarm or face serious consequences.

Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq agrees to the terms of UN Security Council Resolution 1441.

General Secretary of the Communist Party of China Jiang Zemin announced several key policies at the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in Beijing. Although Marxism-Leninism would remain the official ideology of China, entrepreneurs and people in unconventional occupations, who are building socialism with Chinese characteristics, would have a voice in establishing Communist Party ideology. Mr. Jiang is preparing to yield the position of General Secretary of the Party to Hu Jintao, but will maintain the presidency.

The oil tanker \'\'Prestige\'\' sinks off the Galician coast, causing a huge oil spill.

Former President of France Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, head of the Convention on the Future of Europe, told the newspaper "Le Monde" that Turkey should not become a member of the European Union, even though Turkey is a very important country with a true elite. He particularly mentioned that the capital and 95% of the population were not located on the European continent. He also mentioned that "one cannot discuss, as we do it, the national legislation of the Union, on very important points of everyday European issues and pretend that some discussions could be extended to countries which, for perfectly estimable reasons, have another culture, another approach, another way of life".

All 141 people on board a Nigerian-owned Boeing 727 die when the aircraft crashes into the Atlantic Ocean while approaching Lagos airport.

Voters in Sweden decide to join the European Union in a referendum.

Georgia Representative Newt Gingrich leads the United States Republican Party in taking control of both the House of Representatives and the Senate in midterm congressional elections, the first time in 40 years the Republicans secure control of both houses of Congress. George W. Bush is elected Governor of Texas.

The first passengers travel through the Channel Tunnel.

Michael Schumacher wins his first Formula One World Chionship in controversial circumstances at the Australian Grand Prix.

Hong Kong begins the forcible repatriation of Vietnamese boat people, starting with a group of 59 who were flown to Hanoi.

On the anniversary of Kristallnacht, tens of thousands of protestors demonstrate against attacks on immigrant workers.

The BritishJET fusion reactor generates 1.5 MW output power.

United States presidential election, 1988: George H. W. Bush is elected over Michael Dukakis becoming the first sitting Vice President of the United States in 200 years to be elected as President of the United States.

Enniskillen bombing: Eleven people are killed by a Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb at a Remembrance Day service at Enniskillen.

Kenan Evren becomes the seventh president of Turkey as a result of constitution referandum. His former title was "'head of state"'.

Millennium '73, a festival hosted by Guru Maharaj Ji at the Astrodome, is called by supporters the most significant event in human history.

Millennium \'73, a festival hosted by Guru Maharaj Ji at the Astrodome, is called by supporters the most significant event in human history.

Led Zeppelin releases their Fourth Studio album Led Zeppelin IV which goes on to sell 23,000,000 copies.

The BBC's first local radio station (BBC Radio Leicester) is launched.

Finnair flight OH-LCA crashes before landing at Mariehamn airport on the Åland islands.

Miike Coal Mine explosion: In Japan, a coal mine explosion kills 458 and sends 839 carbon monoxide poisoning victims to the hospital.

A triple-train disaster in Yokohama, Japan kills 161.

Imperial Airlines Flight 201/8 crashes while attempting to land at Richmond, Virginia, killing 77 persons on board.

United States presidential election, 1960: In a close race, John F. Kennedy is elected over Richard Nixon, to become (at 43) the second youngest man to serve at the President of the United States, and the youngest man elected to this position.

Film "Jailhouse Rock" opens across the U.S. to reach #3, and Elvis Presley continues to gain more notoriety.

Gordon Gould invents the laser.

Flooding in the Po River valley of Italy leads to flooding also in Venice.

Korean War: While in an F-80, United States Air Force Lt. Russell J. Brown intercepts 2 North Korean MiG-15s near the Yalu River and shoots them down in the first jet-to-jetdogfight in history.

Operation Torch: United States and United Kingdom forces land in French North Africa.

French Resistance Coup in Algiers: 400 French civil resistants neutralize the Vichyist XIXth Army Corps and the Vichyist generals (Juin, Darlan, etc.), so allowing the immediate success of Operation Torch in Algiers, and ultimately the whole of French North Africa.

MS City of Rayville is sunk by a naval mine, the first US merchant to be lost in the war off Cape Otway, Australia

WWII: In Munich, an attempt to kill Adolf Hitler is made by Georg Elser while Hitler is celebrating the 16th anniversary of the Beer Hall Putsch.

A dozen labor leaders come together to announce the creation of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), an organization charged with pushing the cause for industrial unionism.

New Deal: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt unveils the Civil Works Administration, an organization designed to create jobs for more than 4 million of the unemployed.

Beer Hall Putsch: In Munich, Adolf Hitler leads the Nazis in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the Bavarian government police and troops crush the attempt the next day.

Poland regains independence after 123 years of partitions. Józef Piłsudski is appointed Commander-in-Chief.

Emperor Charles I of Austria gives up his absolute power but does not abdicate.

British battleshipHMS ''Britannia'' is sunk by German submarine "U-50" off Trafalgar with the loss of around fifty lives, the last major naval engagement of WWI.

WWI ends: Germany signs an armistice agreement with the Allies between 5:12 AM and 5:20 AM in Marshal Foch’s railroad car in Compiègne Forest in France. It becomes official on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month.

Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany abdicates and chooses to live in exile in the Netherlands.

Provisional National Council Minister-President Kurt Eisner declares Bavaria to be a republic.

The German army withdraws its support of the Kaiser.

U.S. presidential election, 1904: Republican incumbent Theodore Roosevelt defeats Democrat Alton B. Parker.

The Bronx Zoo opens in New York City.

Wilhelm Röntgen discovers a type of radiation later known as X-rays.

Montana is admitted as the 41st U.S. state.

Emile Berliner is granted a patent for his Gramophone.

U.S. presidential election, 1864: Abraham Lincoln is reelected in an overwhelming victory over George B. McClellan.

American Civil War ndash "Trent Affair": The "USS San Jacinto" stops the United Kingdom mail ship "Trent" and arrests two Confederate envoys, James Mason and John Slidell, sparking a diplomatic crisis between the U.K. and U.S.

NovemberndashDecember ndash In the Canadas, William Lyon Mackenzie leads the Upper Canada Rebellion and Louis-Joseph Papineau leads the Lower Canada Rebellion.

Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, later Mount Holyoke College, is founded in South Hadley, Massachusetts.

Ferdinand II becomes King of the Two Sicilies.

Aarau becomes the temporary capital of the Helvetic Republic.

Alois Senefelder invents lithography.

Eli Whitney contracts with the U.S. federal government for 10,000 rifles, which he produces with interchangeable parts.

British whalerJohn Fearn becomes the first European to land on Nauru.

The first census in Brazil counts 2 million blacks in a total population of 3.25 million.

The first (anonymous) publication occurs of "An Essay on the Principle of Population" by Thomas Malthus.

The Ayrshire (Earl of Carrick\\\\\\\\'s Own) Yeomanry, a BritishYeomanry Cavalry Regiment, formed by The Earl of Cassillis at Culzean Castle, Ayrshire in 1794, is adopted onto the British Army List.

22 of Stede Bonnet's pirate crew are hanged at Charleston.

Suleiman II (1687–1691) succeeds the deposed Mehmed IV as Ottoman Emperor.

Thirty Years\\\' War ndash Battle of Lützen ndash Swedish king Gustav II Adolf leads an assault on Wallenstein's army, but is killed early in the battle. Despite the king's death, the Swedish commanders manage to rally the army and eventually defeat Wallenstein's army. As a result, Wallenstein withdraws from Saxony.

Wladyslaw IV Waza is elected king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after Sigismund III Vasa's death.

Following the death of Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, he is succeeded by his 6 year old daughter Christina while five regents, headed by Axel Oxenstierna, govern the country since she is underage.

Thirty Years' War ndash Battle of Lützen ndash Swedish king Gustav II Adolf leads an assault on Wallenstein's army, but is killed early in the battle. Despite the king's death, the Swedish commanders manage to rally the army and eventually defeat Wallenstein's army. As a result, Wallenstein withdraws from Saxony.

Actresses are banned in Japan.

The rule of Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba ends.

Fort Santo Domingo is built in Formosa by the Spanish settlers.

William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling briefly establishes a Scottish colony at Port Royal, Nova Scotia.

Chongzhen, the Chinese emperor of the Ming Dynasty, reiterates the state prohibition against female infanticide, while the empire and the Chinese economy begins to crumble. In the same year, a third of the courier stations are closed down due to lack of government funds to sustain them.

Emperor Go-Mizunoo of Japan abdicates the throne in favour of his daughter, who becomes Empress Meishō.

The Safavids recapture Baghdad.

Erotomania is first mentioned in a psychiatric treatise.

Giambattista Marini publishes his long poem "Adone".

Tommaso Canella publishes "The City of the Sun".

Wilhelm Schickard invents his Calculating Clock, an early mechanical calculator.

The second Thanksgiving is celebrated at Plymouth Plantation.

Publication in London of the "First Folio" ("Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, Tragedies"), a collection of 36 of the plays of Shakespeare, half of which have not previously been printed.

On the coast of New Hshire, the settlement of Hilton's Point that will become Dover is established by men from London, England, the first European settlers in the state.

On the coast of Massachusetts Bay, the settlement that will become the City of Gloucester, Massachusetts is first inhabited by men from Dorchester, England.

England first colonizes Saint Kitts and Nevis.

Procopius' long-lost "Secret History" is rediscovered in the Vatican Library.

Johannes Rudbeck founds Rudbeckianska Gymnasiet, the first gymnasium in Sweden.

Plymouth Colony settlers sign the Mayflower Compact (11 November, O.S.).

Thirty Years' War ndash Battle of White Mountain: Catholic forces are victorious in only two hours near Prague.

(N.S.) ndash The "Mayflower" arrives inside the tip of Cape Cod, with the Pilgrims and Planters.

Thirty Years\' War ndash Battle of White Mountain: Catholic forces are victorious in only two hours near Prague.

The Bodleian Library at Oxford University is opened to the public.

December ndash The States-General of Blois declared itself against the Edict of Beaulieu, beginning the sixth War of Religion in France.

An early exle of autobiography is written in English by Thomas Wythorne.

Sutton Valence School is founded by William Lambe.

Dartford Grammar School is founded by William d'Aeth, Edward Gwyn and William Vaughn.

Konstanty Ostrogski founded Ostroh Academy ndash first university-like school in Eastern Europe.

Eighty Years\\' War ndash Pacification of Ghent: The States-General of the Netherlands meet and unite to oppose pillaging Spanish mutineers.

Eighty Years' War ndash Pacification of Ghent: The States-General of the Netherlands meet and unite to oppose pillaging Spanish mutineers.

November 10 ndash 82 noblemen and clergymen, having been sentenced to death for their involvement in the Swedish resistance against the Danish invasion, are executed by beheading in the Stockholm bloodbath.

Postclassic period ends in Mesoamerica.

Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlan and the court of Aztec ruler Moctezuma.

A large pandemic spreads from the Greater Antilles into Central America, and perhaps as far as Peru in South America. This widespread epidemic kills off much of the indigenous populations in these areas. According to historian Alfred W. Crosby Jr. in his "The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492", this outbreak is the first widely documented epidemic in the New World.

Havana moves from the southern to the northern part of Cuba.

Cacao comes to Europe.

Martin Luther questions the infallibility of papal decrees.

Central Mexico Amerindians' population ndash 25.3 million.

The artistic form appears in Georgia and spreads.

Erasmus publishes his "Colloquia".

The first civil revolt in Anatolia takes place, led by Alevi preacher Celâl.

According to Wang Yangming (1472–1529), the Ming Dynasty philosopher and governor of Jiangxi, China, he intends to use "fo–lang–ji" cannons in suppressing the rebellion of Prince Zhu Chenhao in this year. This is most likely the earliest reference in China to the breech-loading Frankish culverin.

The St. Olav Church is completed in Tallinn, Estonia.

The first recorded fatal accident involving a gun in England was recorded at Welton, East Riding of Yorkshire.

The Spanish find Barbados.

Louis IX of France starts to rule.

The king Sancho II of Portugal launches a large offensive against the Muslims and takes the city of Elvas.ref name=picard2000

The king of France, Louis VIII, launches a large southward offensive against the Albigensians and the count of Toulouse. The count of Provence, Ramon Berenguer IV, uses the opportunity to reassert his authority upon the autonomous municipalities of his estates (October). Most cities have to accept the authority of the count but Marseille and Nice rebel.

The Carmelite Order is approved by Pope Honorius III.

In Norway, Brother Robert writes "Saga Af Tristram ok Ísodd", one of the rare fully surviving versions of the legend of Tristan and Iseult.

Nuneaton is granted a Chartered Market Status by King Henry III.

The amount of registered soldiers in the Song Chinese army is some 378,000.

Battle of Andrassos: Byzantines under Leo Phokas the Younger score a crushing victory over the HamdanidEmir of Aleppo, Sayf al-Dawla

The Song Dynasty comes to power in China when Zhao Kuangyin usurps the Later Zhou Dynasty throne.

Alexandria is formally surrendered to Amr ibn al-As by a treaty.

Caesarea surrenders to the Arabs.

The city of Fostat (later Cairo) is founded in Egypt.

King Yazdegerd II of Persia signs after a short war a peace treaty with the Eastern Roman Empire. Theodosius II sends his commander, Anatolius, to conclude his terms and promise not to build any new fortifications along the border territories.

The first Council of Orange is convened under the guidance of Hilary of Arles in Orange (France).

The Huns, led by Attila, attack Constanţa (modern Romania), one of the few remaining Roman forts on the northern bank of the Danube and designated as a secure trading post. On a crowded market day, the Huns take the town by surprise and slaughter the garrison.The End of Empire. Christopher Kelly, 2009. ISBN 978-0-393-33849-2

Domnus II succeeds his uncle John as Patriarch of Antioch.