Unix Timestamp: 1693785600
Monday, September 4. 2023, 12:00:00 AM UTC

The Government of Thailand agrees to hold a referendum to resolve the 2008 Thai political crisis. //ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5hG71oGl1LokvZphtDQZzL44nzc3QD92VO3U82 (AP via Google News)

The death toll from flooding in Haiti caused by Tropical Storm Hanna rises to 61. //edition.cnn.com/2008/US/weather/09/04/hurricanes.hanna.ike/index.html (CNN)

A bomb explodes on a bus carrying employees of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission destroying the bus in Rawalpindi, Pakistan while a second bomb on a motorbike explodes in a bazaar. //www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSISL3739620070904 (Reuters)

The Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search (GIMPS) discovers the 44th Mersenne prime. It was verified on September 11. //mathworld.wolfram.com/news/2006-09-04/mersenne-44 (MathWorld News)

Hurricane Isabel reaches peak winds.

Europe's busiest shopping centre, the Bullring in Birmingham, is officially opened by Sir Albert Bore.

Estonia approves joining the European Union in a referendum.

Swedish foreign minister Anna Lindh is stabbed in a Stockholm department store and dies the next day.

Glenn Tilton joined United Airlines as President, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer.

Argentina defeated the United States, 87–80, at the World Basketball Chionships in Indianapolis, Indiana. It was the first loss ever in international play for a United States team containing National Basketball Association players.

Tokyo DisneySea opens to the public as part of the Tokyo Disney Resort in Urayasu, Chiba, Japan.

Google, Inc. is founded in Menlo Park, California, by Stanford University PhD candidates Larry Page and Sergey Brin.The History Of Google – Searching The World (notes), Matt Jacks, 10 January 2005, webpage: //www.work-at-home-net-guides.com/articles/history-of-google.html WAH-HGoogle.

The funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, takes place at Westminster Abbey, watched by over 2 billion people worldwide.

The International Olympic Committee picks Athens, Greece to be the host city for the 2004 Summer Olympics.

In Lorain, Ohio, the last Ford Thunderbird for 3 years rolls off the assembly line.

Mother Teresa, Albanian missionary and humanitarian, dies (b. 1910)

A Jean Michel JarreOxygene in Moscow concert, celebrating the city's 850th anniversary, draws 3.5 million people.

Over 87 are killed in the Beni-Messous massacre in Algeria.

The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia attack a military base in Guaviare, Colombia, starting 3 weeks of guerrilla warfare that will claim the lives of at least 130 Colombians.

Kansai International Airport in Osaka, Japan opens. All international services are transferred from Itami to Kansai.

Geoffrey Palmer resigns as Prime Minister of New Zealand and is replaced by Mike Moore.

September 4–6 ndash Premier of North Korea Yon Hyong-muk meets with President of South Korea Roh Tae-woo, the highest level contact between leaders of the two Koreas since 1945.

Eusko Alkartasuna, the Basque Social Democratic Party, is created in Vitoria-Gasteiz.

Six men walk underwater across the Sydney Harbor ndash 82.9 km in 48 hours.

An explosion at a mine in Záluží, Czechoslovakia, kills 65 people.

Jamaica recognizes the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR).

The Golden Dragon Massacre took place in San Francisco, California.

Voyager program: Voyager 1 is launched after a brief delay.

German Autumn: Employers Association President Hanns-Martin Schleyer is kidnapped in Cologne, West Germany. The kidnappers kill 3 escorting police officers and his chauffeur. They demand the release of Red Army Faction (RAF) prisoners.

The first episode of "The Price Is Right" is hosted on CBS by Bob Barker. "Gambit" and "The Joker's Wild" also premiere.

A Boeing 727 (Alaska Airlines Flight 1866) crashes into the side of a mountain near Juneau, Alaska, killing all 111 people on board.

Vietnam War – Operation Swift: The United States Marines launch a search and destroy mission in Quang Nam and Quang Tin Provinces. The ensuing 4-day battle in Que Son Valley kills 114 Americans and 376 North Vietnamese.

The London "Daily Herald" ceases publication, replaced by "The Sun".

African Development Bank (AfDB) founded.

The third period of the Second Vatican Council opens.

The Forth Road Bridge opens over the Firth of Forth.

The discovery of REM sleep is first published by researchers Eugene Aserinsky and Nathaniel Kleitman.

Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands abdicates for health reasons.

Street violence between Muslims and Hindus erupts in Bombay.

The Russian code clerk Igor Gouzenko comes forward with numerous documents implicating the Soviet Union in numerous spy rings in North America: both in the United States and in Canada.

Hideki Tōjō, Japanese prime minister during most of WWII, attempts suicide to avoid facing a war crimes tribunal.

WWII: Japanese forces surrender on Wake Island after hearing word of their country's surrender.

Iva Toguri D\'Aquino, a Japanese-American suspected of being wartime radio propagandist Tokyo Rose, is arrested in Yokohama.

American troops occupy southern Korea, while the Soviet Union occupies the north, with the dividing line being the 38th parallel of latitude. This arrangement proves to be the indirect beginning of a divided Korea.

The British 11th Armored Division liberates the city of Antwerp in Belgium.

Finland breaks off relations with Germany.

WWII: Nepal declares war on Germany.

During the ceremony marking the unveiling of a plaque at Pointe de Grave, France celebrating Franco-American friendship, American Ambassador William Bullitt in a speech states, France and the United States were united in war and peace, leading to much speculation in the press that if war did break out over Czechoslovakia, then the United States would join the war on the Allied side.

5 ndash English-born aviatrix Beryl Markham becomes the first woman to make an East-to-West solo transatlantic flight, from Abingdon-on-Thames, England, to Baleine, Nova Scotia.

In Lakehurst, New Jersey, the first American airship, the USS "Shenandoah", takes to the sky for the first time.

"El Tercio de Extranjeros", the Regiment of Foreigners (modern-day Spanish Legion) - which was formed by the Royal decree of King Alfonso XIII on January 28, 1920 - is inaugurated in Spain.

Japan and China sign the Jiandao/Gando Treaty, which gives Japan a way to receive railroad concessions in Manchuria.

In New York City, 12,000 tailors strike against sweatshop working conditions.

George Eastman registers the trademark "Kodak", and receives a patent for his camera which uses roll film.

American Indian Wars: After almost 30 years of fighting, Apache leader Geronimo surrenders with his last band of warriors to General Nelson Miles at Skeleton Canyon in Arizona.

Thomas Edison flips the switch to the first commercial electrical power plant in history, lighting one square mile of lower Manhattan. This is considered by many as the day that began the electrical age.

Emperor Napoleon III of France is deposed and the Third Republic is declared. Empress Eugénie flees to England with her children.

The Sheffield Wednesday F.C. is founded at the Adelphi Hotel in Sheffield.

Finland: The Great Fire of Turku destroys 3/4 of the city, with many human casualties.

The Ukase of 1821: Russia proclames territorial sovereignty over Northwestern North America, now present day Alaska.

Chilean general José Miguel Carrera is executed by an Argentinian military tribunal in the city of Mendoza.

Robert Morrison, the first Protestant missionary to China, arrives in Guangzhou.

Los Angeles is founded as El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora La Reina de Los Ángeles de Porciuncula (City of Our Lady the Queen of the Angels of Porciuncula) by a group of 44 Spanish settlers.

English explorer James Cook becomes the first European to sight (and name) the island of New Caledonia in Melanesia.

Thirty Years' War: the Treaty of Stettin is signed by Sweden and Pomerania, forming a close alliance between them, as well as giving Sweden full military control over Pomerania.

Thirty Years\\' War: the Treaty of Stettin is signed by Sweden and Pomerania, forming a close alliance between them, as well as giving Sweden full military control over Pomerania.

Rodi avalanche: A rock- or snowslide buries the Alpine town of Piuro, claiming 2,427 victims.

The Spanish fleet of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés lands on modern-day Florida to oust the French under Jean Ribault. He later destroys the Frenchcolony of Fort Caroline.

Earliest recorded Preston Guild Court in current sequence

The Treaty of Alcáçovas (also known as Treaty or Peace of Alcáçovas-Toledo) is signed between the Catholic monarchs of Castile and Aragon on one side and the King of Portugal on the other side, ending the four-year War of the Castilian Succession.

English begin siege of Calais.ref name = crecy2/

The Vijayanagara Empire is established in South India.

Guy de Lusignan becomes King Gosdantin II of Armenia.

The Zealots seize power in Thessalonica, expelling its aristocrats and declaring themselves in favour of the regency in the ongoing Byzantinecivil war.

John III Comnenus becomes emperor of Trebizond.

The Patriarch of Antioch is transferred to Damascus under Ignatius II.

Kitzbühel becomes part of Tyrol.

First record of an emission of life annuities by the city of Lübeck. It is the first instance of issue of public debt in Germany and it confirms a trend of consolidation of local public debt over north-western Europe (see 1228).

The Second Statute of Westminster is passed in England, reforming various laws it includes the famous clause "de donis conditionalibus", considered one of the fundamental institutes of medieval law in England.

The English romantic poem "The Lay of Havelok the Dane" is written (approximate date).

The writ "Circumspecte Agatis", issued by King Edward I of England, defines the jurisdictions of church and state in England, thereby limiting the church's judicial powers to ecclesiastical cases only.

Roger of Lauria defeats King Philip III of France in a naval battle off of Barcelona.

The county of Chagne is integrated into the kingdom of France, the region looses its haven characteristics for foreign merchants and the fairs of Troyes quickly dwindle into economic insignificance.

Battle of Kressenbrunn: King Otakar II of Bohemia captures Styria from King Bela IV of Hungary.

Croatia is divided into two sub-regions ruled by ban Croatian region on the south and Slavonian region on the north, by the king Bela IV of Hungary.

War breaks out in the Valais (today in Switzerland) as the Bishopry of Sion defends against an invasion by the County of Savoy.

Battle of Durbe: The BalticSamogitians and Curonians defeat the Teutonic Knights.

The SieneseGhibellines, supported by the forces of King Manfred of Sicily, defeats the FlorentineGuelphs at Montaperti.

The Duchy of Saxony is divided into Saxony-Lauenberg and Saxony-Wittenberg, marking the end of the first Saxon state.

The Visigoths under king Euric march into Italy and suffer defeat against the forces of Odoacer. Emperor Zeno concludes a peace treaty between the Goths and Odoacer surrenders the newly conquered territory in Gaul. Euric pledged himself to undertake no further hostilities.

Winter ndash Zeno recognizes the full extent of the Vandal Kingdom, including all of western Africa, the Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily. King Genseric gives Sicily, with exception of the city of Lilybaeum, to Odoacer in return for tribute.

Julius Nepos, "de jure" ruler, becomes legally the last Western Roman Emperor. He governs Dalmatia (Balkans), Morocco, and Northwest Gaul until his death 480, but has no effective power on the Italian Peninsula.

: Romulus Augustus, Roman usurper of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed by Odoacer at Ravenna. Odoacer spares the boy's life and gives him a pension of 6,000 "solidii" but exiles him to the "Castellum Lucullanum" (Castel dell'Ovo), on the island of "Megaride", in the Gulf of Naples. His father Orestes is arrested a week earlier near Piacenza and swiftly executed. This event would late be romanticized in Western literature and history as the Fall of Rome and is traditionally used by historians to mark the beginning of the European Middle Ages.

Odoacer crosses the Maritime Alps with a Gothic army and invades Provence (Southern Gaul). He conquers the cities of Arles and Marseilles, after a victorious battle against the Burgundians.

The Roman Senate petitions Zeno to recognize Nepos as deposed and take the sole emperorship himself, abolishing the 91 year east/west division of the empire and recognizing Odoacer's authority in Italy. Zeno declines the first request, but names Odoacer "Patricius", investing his rule with Imperial legitimacy.

Xian Wen Di, Retired Emperor of Northern Wei, is murdered by Empress Feng. She assumes regency over the young Xiao Wen Di.

Peter the Fuller is restored as patriarch of Antioch.

: Romulus Augustus, Roman usurper of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed by Odoacer at Ravenna. Odoacer spares the boy's life and gives him a pension of 6,000 "solidii" but exiles him to the "Castellum Lucullanum" (Castel dell\\\\\'Ovo), on the island of "Megaride", in the Gulf of Naples. His father Orestes is arrested a week earlier near Piacenza and swiftly executed. This event would late be romanticized in Western literature and history as the Fall of Rome and is traditionally used by historians to mark the beginning of the European Middle Ages.

The birth of Aryabhata is traditionally regarded as the beginning of the classical period of Indian mathematics and astronomy.

Pope Boniface I dies after a 4-year reign that was interrupted for 15 weeks by the faction of the antipope Eulalius. He is succeeded by Celestine I as the 43rd pope.