Antwerp is captured by Spanish forces under the Prince of Parma, who orders Protestants to leave the city. As a result, over half of the 100,000 inhabitants flee to the northern provinces. Furthermore, upon hearing of the capture of
Antwerp, a relief fleet sent to raise the siege instead blockades the
Schelde river, preventing any and all ships from reaching
Antwerp for two centuries. This effectively destroys
Antwerp's position as an important trade city and de-facto capital of the Dutch provinces. Its position is taken over by various northern cities, most prominently
Amsterdam.